Multimeter surveying instrument.



1): w ADAMS. ULTIMBTER SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED. 1113.6, 1911.

1,003,857. 1 Patented Sept. 19, 1911 2 tannin-51111111: 1.

W 222/ 22mm- D. W. ADAMS.

MULTIMETEB. SURVEYING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED PBB.6, 1911.

1,003,857, Patented Sefit. 19, 1911.

2- BHEETS-BHBBT 2.

Mil-mm UNITED STATES PATENT-"OFFICE.

DANIEL w. 'ADAMS, or GLENDALE SPRINGS, NORTH oanonnsra,

MULTIMETER SURVEYING INSlIBUMEN I To (212 whom it may concern:

Be itknown that I, DANIEL ADAMS, a

, citizen of the United States, residing .at Glendale Springs, in thecounty of Ashe and State of North Carolina, havcinvented new --a11duseful Ii'nprovements in Multimeter SurveyingInstruments, of which thefol-- lowing is a specification.

My invention relates to an instrument for the use of surveyors andengineers.

The oh'ject'of my invention is to provide an instrument which will,greatly facilitate ,the work of reconnaissance engineers and surveyorsin running or depression, or on te level, as in the preliminary locationof t rails,roads, and rail able in setting slope or roads.' Theinstrument is especially valunating the usual diflicu t calculationsnecessary todetermine the exact location of the stakes. "It will beevident to engineers that niy invention maybe"used for man othergpurposes, for instance, as a hypsometer to determine the height oftrees, or.as a plot- 1 understood from the following descrip 'tion inconnection with the; accompanying ting instrument. These and. other useswill drawings, which Figure 1 .is-a. front ment embodying my invention;Figs..2 and 2. are enlarged detail views of the combined.

-front sight and marking device; Fi B'is arear elevation at the-baseplate; *i 4 is an enlarged detail view, artlyin section, .of theslowmotion gear an a cross-section on the line-V.V of Fig. 4,

with the worm omitted; and Fig. 6' is an" enlarged perspective of thecombinedrear sight and locking bar.

The instrument comprises two principal I parts, the limb or plate 1, andthequadrant ann 2, the latter being .swiveled on the hub 10 to movethereover, and may-.be radiated" 'make the uadrant ar'mof brass'orothermaterial. he base is provided with asleev'e or with, adapted to bemounted upon -the 1 stem or pivot-stem "6jof a. Jacobs staff or tripod,and may be broughtto the proper posit -ion by observing the evel delines of elevation ade stakes, elimi--' elevation of an instru-.-

clutch mechanism, for operating" the quadrant arms; Fig. 5 is- Serialin. 606,873.

cification of Letters Patent. Patenteds t. 19 1911 Application filedFebruary 6, 191 1.

arm and the slow motion gear and clutch mechanism are illustratedindetail in Figs. 4 and 5. The tubular hub 10, upon which the arm 2 isswiveled, and in the bottoinof which the cross-hairs 14 are mounted, is

secured to the base plateb means of screws, 12. Thegear 15,.m mes with.the-operatingworm 16, surrounds the collar 17 and is provided initsinner Jperiphe'ry with a series of indentations or 18, into any ITheqpivotal connection or'the quadrant 5 5 one of whichtiie mutilatedbar 19 ma be 7 turned to lock the. ear;a ndcollartoget erl When thelimiting.' ar'19' is turned with its fiattened'side toward therecesses,'the gear isdisengaged from the-collar as the stem of the bar,then rests in a'.-re'c es's in the collar 17 in line with thelroriz'onta1- crosshair;

17 are secured tdthe'quadranharm- 2, by means of Screws 23. Thetopof-thelock- The top or cover plate-22,:and: the collar ing ba'rconstitutes a thnnibepiece and is a shaped to form a sight-2.5,which' isusedas the rear sight oft-he instrument. It will be evident that urbanthe locking bar19 is: turned with the flattened sidejoutwardisghe'quadrant 'arin may be swung a at the hub .10, and when-the barisreversed the gear and collar. willbe locked so that the arm nmaylbe mamaslowly 'by turning the worm"16..' v Referring toFig. 1,;showing the diain.

edhatthe'petipheijrof t into degreeslfrouiflto 90, and by means of n 'h;The ;upper an nd sides of fie rightdi'agraln are alsod1vided-.-into":six; equal.- divisions; I also I gimduatethe .outerv"vertical "edge. of the limb with as'onldiwidedinto' divisions of fortyto thei'nch. Upon the reverse face of the base plate-or asshown i'n' 3,I

.ugen'the'front 'of the instrumentit w; he

he =01; limb. is provided 'with a scale, graduated 9O the verniers' 26-,at -each end of the.. arm, this may to'single minutesj In within thequadrant upon the face of lite orllimh is'a quadrangular diagram r 4 ofwhi' is suhdivided' -into" s12; hundred f gradu'ations' f extending 60rectly provide a. similar diagram, also dividedinto the tree, belowthelevcl line -can be ascersixteen squares, but subdivided 'ina...diftaint-1d by depressing thearm until the sights ferent manner fromthat previously deintercept the bottom. of the same, and they scribed.The diagrsm is divided vertically amount can be read from the uppermarby pne hundred equally spaced. horizontal ginal scale at theintersection of the upper 70 lines, numbered upon the right-hand mnrarm.it. will be observed that, in theillusgin of the diagram. A. series of.radial-lines, trntion given, the arm was raised to an centering at theintersection of the crossangle ofabc-ut l3", and that. at this anglehairs, extend across the diagram and are the height indicateri on thevertical scale is o numbered upon the left-hand and .upper 32 feet,thusat this angle the vertical height 75 margins to correspond with thedegrees is 32 per cent. of the length of the base line. upon theperiphery of the limb. I also pm The er cent, therefore, may beconverted vide a series of lines radiating from the ininto cgrees of anle or viceversa', and this terscct-ion of thebase' ant firstiverticalline maybe btained or any angle byr'otati-ng .5 to the left of thecross-hairs, this point cor the arm to the desired reading; e

responding with the..tiventyfiftl1 -adua- Stadia corrections may beeasily-made by tion upon the scale of onehundi-e The .means of thisinstrument. When a'gstadia last mentioned radiating lines extend to therod is held at rightangles 'to the 'line' of intersect-ion of theprincipal horizontal and sight, the pro er stadia. reduction can bevertical division lines vwith the mar 'neil obtained'byseeing thereading on the grad- 8 lines. In the drawing, only a few the nations onthe arm and'tollowin the mter marginal graduation numhers are indicated,sec'ting vertical line to the nations. on the nterveningnnmhtsrs; beingomitted for the; horizontal base, endres g it directly vpurpi'ises ofclearness in'illustration, from the same. This a very valuable-fea- 215A few illustrations will serveto indicate ture, since-an value can begiven 'to divi- 9 the manner of usin' this instrument, which ,sions on"the iaphragrn, thus'obviatin the will be understood'dry surveyors,engineers, ncces'sity;of a. simieyor'carry'ing a boo on "and thosefamiliar with surveying'instrustadia-cdrrcct-ions; which alsoentails anadmenis- 1 V- J ditional calculation for eachreading. T: so To use theinstrument for leveling and v The setting-of grade or slope stakes bygradingz-To run a. levcl line, the instrumeans of my instrument 1s averys1rnple op meat is mounted upon a Jacoh swstafi', 'inthe eration,and can he accomplished w th great manner shown in Fig. 1, and the baseof accuracy. For purpose, I employ the the limb is swung intothedirection ofthe diagram engraved upon-thereverse face'otprojected-line and is brought to a level pothe plate, as illustrated inFig. 3, in eonncc ,sition as indicated by the central position tion withthe movable arm. Thediagram is of the bubble in he level 8. {Thequadrant graduated. u'ponthe assumption that the arm is then rotated bymeans of the slow -bottom of -th e, cut or roadlmcl';,is the usualmotion screw"16, until the front sight 24 standard width c1550 feet. If,for instance,

and rear sight25' are, in alinement with the it is desired toknow thedistance from the 1 horizontal line ofgraduations on thcliln lnin centeradestakc to the'uppcr grade stake other words, in the zero position,Then by 'on' e si e hillcut which hasan anglecf 34 sighting across thesights to thetarget, the and a. slope of 1 to 1 is cles1red,. thcinstrulevel liziccan be secured; If'h, grade line mcnt is set up-andvleveled over the center requiring an an lc of "elevation ordeprcsgrade-stakeand' the arm is set at 34. It

sion is nccessauy it is obvious that it may be will-be observed that theintersection of the projected in a similar manner, either '.by' 3 L linewith the, line indlcatm a 1 to 1 percentage directlyh'om the vertical orthe slope'is {at the horizontal gra ua'tion horizontal scale, or by d csfrom the, Following corresponding horizontal lme 5 igladuation on h limbQ I hi 50 on the other,."faioe,o the plate to the *To use, theinstrumentasa hypsometer to intersection-of the movable arm, which 15determine the hei ht of trees or other obno set at 349,. one1i eads89 onthe arm, jects, adistance o 100 feet from-the objcct which indicates thennmberof feet from the is first measured ofi and the instrument iscenter'gradestalre or hubto the upper slope 5 set up and-leveled in'themanner previously stake. It is obv ous that any hill angle fromdescribed. The'arm is then swung around, 1 -to 77- snd-any'slopc from 3-t-o 1, to the as indicated in dotted. lines, until the top, verticalmay he obtained in like manner.-

of: the tree or object is in slinement with the Thisusc of theinstrument is exceedingly 1ms'ights. The-height infect maybe readdiportant and cfiects a.verygreat sav ng of with the right hand verticalgraduations for setting the stakes i x upon the margin of the diagram.In the This instrument may. also be used in: the 'positionindicated, aheight of 32'fect is mofiice to facilitate computations and thesodicated,rortwo standard 16 foot logs, in the lution of problems'aris'ing in engineer-in outer column of figuresl .The portion of Byreferring to-th-diagram, in Fig. 1, it

at the intersection of the lower arm time and labor in determining thelocations reprment a section of land divided each. Injorder to determinelatitudes and 1 departures, it IS onlynecessary to rotate. the

be read.

graduated arm over the field corresponding to the magnetic bearing ofthe survey, in degrees, measure off the distance along the armcorresponding to the distance measured in the survey and note theintersecting lines 'on t' e diagram; following the Ihorrzohtal line themarginal raduation the northi'ng me. be read, and following tlieverticalline to the mar inal graduation the-casting may t is apparent that bygiving the instrument the di rent imaginaryorientations, the fourquadrants .canthus-be covered, thereby seourin the various readingsnecessary to obtain t ecorrect. latitude or departurefrom one or anynumber of readghe value-of any angle maybe obtained. In mechanicaldrafting or 'la'yin out work, any. value may be given to the ivisionsof. the dia am from fractionsof aninch to -hiindre s of feet. Forinstance, ifIaslo e .of 2' to 4 is desired, it is apparent that yrotating the arm to the intersection on-the diagram at on the verticalscale, the correct reading in degrees and minutes can be may obtained inthe grandations on the plate, This is especially valuable-to engineers,an-f chitects, carpenters, and other mechanics.

It is obvious that the third side of any right angle triangle can heobtained when the other two are given. Also that the natural tangent ofany angle up to 100 units and 4;5 is obtained. I p 4 Above the'levelonthe plate, I have provided a tally register for keepin tally of cute.The dial is graduated rom 1 to 20,-an d is provided with a depression.at each figure into which the pointer orneedle be sprun,anditselasticity'holds-it in place until .it is again turned. g

.This instrument constitutes a very etli-' cient andconvenientprotractor. The plate maybe oriented on thedrawing paper withthe crossehairs 14 on the turning point. The

arm 2jmay then be rotated; to. any point-[n 'ree-quarters' of'a circle.When, the esired reading is obtained on the arm, the point may beregistered upon the paper by pressing down upon the spring arm 28 and"causing the point of the perforator 29, shown in detail in Fig. 2, toprick or indent the paper. This feature will be found to facilitatethework and to secure a'ccu racy. I' sometimes find it advantageous togovide a magnifying glass over the cross irsu.

mechanically correct.

.- -Wl ile I have mentioned a number of to which the instrument may beapplied, in field work 'or-survey'in and also in desk or office work,yet itwil be evident to engi neers that it may be used in. many otherways. y

Probably the most important feature of this instrument to reconnaissancemen and topographical surveyors .is the ease and accuracy with whichrelative elevations can ascertained 1n the field, thus elujnunltlng -theerror caused by the diurnal variation of barometric pressure. A readingcan be taken from 1 any section corner or other known point of thersurvey on a peak, the elevation of 'ivhich has been accurately fixed bya Y-Icvel geographical survey'aud from the multimeter, mathematicallyand This gives to the nu skilled surveyor all :the advantages of precisevertical control, which is at present only possible under the methods ofthe precise -vertica l control.

strument will also greatly facilitate and It is obvious that thisincheapen the cost ofthe vertical control.

I am aware that changes may be made in the structure of the instrumentwithout dcpresent method of parting from the spirit of my invention.

and intend, therefore, to cover such changes in the scope of my claims.

Having nowdescribed my invention am] the method of vusing the. same,claim '1. A surveying instrument comprising a quadrantal base plate o'rlimb having graduations upon each side, a rectangular diagram inscribeupon the plate within the lines of saidaduatious and divided intoauumber o rectangular subdivisions, means secured to said plate forattachment to a tripod orstaiL'a level mounted u on said plate parallelwith one edgethereo an arm pivotally' mounted upon said plate and havingrectangularand arcuate portions adapted to overlie thecorresponding'portions'of the plateJvhen in normal or zero position andsi h'ts secured to'the forward and rear ends 0 one side oftherectangular portion of the arm;v

' a 2:1 surveying instrument comprising a q'uadrantal base plate or limbhavin graduations upon eac side a. rectangu ar diaagm inscribed u n. theplate within the ines of said gra nations and divided into a number ofrectangular subdivisions, means secu'redto said plate'forattachmenttoll; tripod or stall, a-levelmounted u onlsaid plate parallelivithone edge the'reo anarm pivotal'ly' mounted upon said plate and hav1 re l a and archaic pardons dap ed topver' 'e the .correspondngportions of the plate when in normal or zero position,

.si fghts securedito the forward and rear ends 0 one side of therectangular portion of the Zprm, slow-motion gear mechanism "adapted-tl1edifl'crence in elevation read directly to rotate said am, and meansfor connecting or disconnecting said mechanism with the arm.

3. A surveying instrument comprisin a quadranta'l base late or limbhaving gra iuations upon eac side, a rectangu ar diagram inscribedvuaonthe plate within the lines of, said'grad a number of main rectangularsubdivisions, each of said subdivisions being further di- .vided into anequal number of rectangular parts, marginal graduationsl upon the twoouter sides of the diagram adjacent the arcuate side of the platecorresponding with the graduations on the. rectangular sides thereof,and a guadrantul skeleton arm pivot-ally mounte upon said plate havinggraduations upon the rectangular edges corrwpondin with and. adapted toregister with the grac nations upon the sides. of the plate when the armis in zero position.

, 4. A'surveying instrument comprising a quadrantal base plate or limbhaving graduations upon each side, a rectsmgular diagram inscribed uponthe plate within the lines of said graduations and divided into 'anumber of main rectangular subdivisions, -each of said subdlvislonsbeing, furthendivided intoan equal number of rectangular parts, radiallines crossing said diagram which when projected would correspond withthe graduations uponthe arcuate portion of the late, and a quadrantalskeleton ann pivota 1y mounted upon said plate having rectangular andarcuate .portions adaptedto aline with the corresponding vided intoynequal number of rectangular parts,- radial lmes crossing said diagramportions of the plate when the arm isfii-n zero osition. I

5'. surveying instrument comprising a quadrantal base plate or limb havmgraduation's upon each side, a rectangu ar diagram inscribed u on theplate within the lines of said gra nations and divided into a number ofmain rectangular subdivisions, each of said subdivisions being furtherdiwhich when projected would correspond with the graduat-ioqs uponthemrcuate' portion of the plate,,d1agonal lines connecting the upperand outer side marginal inter-' sections of the main division lines'withone of the lower margmal intersections of the mam division lines, and aquadrantal skele- -ton arm pivotally mounted upon said plate havingrectangular hnd arcuate portions adapted to aline with the correspondingportions of the )plate when the arm is in zero osition, a v

6. surveying instrum nt comprising a uhtions and divided intoquadrantalf base plate orlimb having graduations uptin each side, arectangular dia' gr'am inscribed u on,the plate within the ines of saidgra nations and divided into a number of main rectangular subdivisions,eacli of said subdivisions being further divided intoan equal number 0parts, marginal raduations upon the two outer-sides of arcuate sideofthe plate corresponding with the graduations on the rectangular sidesthereof, a second rectangular diagram 'uponthe opposite facegof theplate equal in size and occupying the same relative positioii. as thefirst-named diagram and being rectangular e diagram adjacent the.

likewise divided into an equal number of main rectangular subdivisionseach of which is furtherdivided into an equal number of arts, and aquadran'tal skeleton arm pivotal y mounted upon said plate gradu; atedupon therectangular edges to corres end with, nd adapted to registerwith t- 1e graduations' upon the sides of the plate when the arm is. inzero position.

7. An instrument of the character described, comprising a quadrantalbase plate or limb, having graduations upon its sides, a s uarediagram'inscribed upon the plate wit iin the lines of said graduationsand divided into a number of square subdi- VlSlOnS, marginal graduatlonsupon the two outer sides of the diagram adjacent the ar-.

cuate side of the plate corresponding with the 'graduations upon therectangular sides thereof, a qiiadrantal skeleton arm pivot ally mountedupon said plate having grad nations corresponding with the graduationsupon the sides of the plate, and a needle arm secured to the outer edgeof the arm,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

' DANIEL w. ADAMS.

\Vitnesses:

